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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1908 |
| | | Lucy Maud Montgomery's first novel, Anne of Green Gables, brings her instant fame and fortune | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Modernist architect Adolf Loos attacks architectural ornament in Ornament and Crime | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Arnold Schoenberg abandons tonality in his String Quartet No. 2 | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Alexander Scriabin's orchestral work, Poem of Ecstasy, has its first performance in New York | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The first Model T Ford rolls off the production line at the Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria declares his country's independence from Ottoman rule and calls himself Tsar Ferdinand I | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The last Manchu emperor, Puyi, is placed on the throne at the age of two on the death of his uncle, the Guanxu emperor | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Empress Dowager Cixi dies the day after selecting the infant Puyi for the Chinese throne | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Gideons International place their first bible in a hotel bedroom, in Montana, USA | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Europe's worst earthquake, centred on the Strait of Messina, kills up to 200,000 people in Sicily and southern Italy. | |
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| 1908 |
| | | William Howard Taft, the Republican candidate, is elected to follow Roosevelt as president | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The French critic Louis Vauxcelles describes Braque's latest landscapes as being composed of cubes, resulting in the term cubism | |
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| 1908 |
| | | US boxer Jack Johnson becomes the first black heavyweight champion when he knocks out Tommy Burns in Australia | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Welsh poet W.H. Davies has a success with The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp, his account of life on the road and in dosshouses | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Bernard Leach moves to Japan to study oriental traditions in the graphic arts | |
|  | Stoneware box, Bernard Leach
Potteries Museum & Art Gallery
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| 1909 |
| | | The opera Elektra, the first collaboration between Richard Strauss and Hugo von Hofmannsthal, has its premiere in Dresden | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Michel Fokine becomes the choreographer for the ballet company that Sergei Diaghilev is taking to Paris | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Ralph Vaughan Williams sets poems by Housman in On Wenlock Edge | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Italian educational pioneer Maria Montessori publishes The Montessori Method | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Rugby Union acquires new headquarters and a state-of-the-art stadium at Twickenham | |
|  | England versus Scotland 1926
Museum of Rugby, Twickenham
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| 1909 |
| | | Alexandre Benois becomes the first artistic director of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes | |
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| 1909 |
| | | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded in response to two lynchings in Illinois | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Arnold Schoenberg composes his opera for a single voice, Erwartung, which remains unperformed until 1924 in Prague | |
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| c. 1909 |
| | | Leo Baekeland announces his discovery of Bakelite, calling it 'the material of a thousand uses' | |
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| 1909 |
| | | National delegates from the four provincial parliaments draw up a draft constitution for a South African union | |
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| 1909 |
| | | French biologist Charles Nicolle discovers that epidemic typhus is transmitted by the body louse | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Mary Pickford begins her film career at sixteen, when she is hired by D.W. Griffith | |
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| 1909 |
| | | André Gide publishes La Porte étroite ('Strait is the Gate') | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Isaac Albéniz completes his series of 12 piano pieces published under the title Iberia. | |
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| c. 1909 |
| | | René Lalique, originally known for his jewellery, sets up his own glass-making factory at Combes-la-Ville | |
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| 1909 |
| | | 15-year-old Andrés Segovia gives his first public performance as a guitarist in Granada | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Vaughan Williams first symphony, which he names A Sea Symphony, is first performed at the Leeds Festival | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Diaghilev presents the first season of Ballets Russes in Paris, with Pavlova and Nijinsky in the company | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Fokine's 1907 ballet Chopiniana is revised and given a new name, Les Sylphides | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Jack London publishes his most autobiographical novel, Martin Eden | |
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| 1909 |
| | | The heroine of H.G. Wells' novel Ann Veronica is a determined example of the New Woman | |
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